When their substance is drained away, the peasantry will be afflicted by heavy exactions.

The quote from Sun Tzu highlights the detrimental impact of excessive burdens on the common people, a concept that reflects the broader principle of the unsustainable exploitation of a society’s foundational resources. "When their substance is drained away..." implies that when the fundamental resources, whether material or psychological, of the populace are depleted, those at the bottom—often the most vulnerable, like the peasantry—will suffer disproportionately due to the weight of oppressive demands or taxes. In a modern context, this idea can be seen in various scenarios—from governmental fiscal policies to corporate practices. For instance, in many countries, heavy taxation without adequate representation or services can lead to discontent among citizens, striking a chord with Sun Tzu’s insights about grassroots afflictions. When resources are mismanaged, or when those in power demand excessive contributions from the lower classes while neglecting their basic needs, it creates a cycle of poverty and resentment. Furthermore, this quote applies to organizational behaviors in the corporate world. Companies that prioritize profit margins at the expense of employee well-being will eventually face high turnover rates and low morale. When employees feel drained and overburdened, their productivity and loyalty diminish, mirroring the historical plight of the peasantry. Ultimately, Sun Tzu’s wisdom serves as a cautionary reminder that sustainable leadership—whether in government or business—requires a balance between demand and support. It underscores the necessity for empathy and equity within systems to ensure that resources are preserved and that those who form the backbone of society are treated with dignity and consideration. By heeding this lesson, modern leaders can foster healthier communities and organizations, ultimately contributing to a more stable and prosperous society.